Mr. S’s World of History

The organization of Roman government was linked to the Cursus Honorum that many male Roman citizen followed. The first path that each individual took was being a part of the army. The minimum amount of enrollment was 12 years. After finishing his role in the army, the individual would most likely become a quaestor. A quaestor was like a pay-master back then. He would collect tributes from the people and pay the troops. It was quite dangerous to be a quaestor since quaestors usually moved along with the army during battles. There were total of 8 quaestors. The great thing of being the pay-master was that as soon as you became one, you could be eligible for the senate. After this role came the Aedile. An aedile was in charge of the markets, public activities, festivals, and most importantly, grain supplies. That is why there were 2 patrician aediles and 2 plebian aediles. 2 among the 4 aediles were granted the power of imperium and were called ‘curule aediles’. Censors were very important people in the society. Everyone wanted to befriend censors back then. Censors were people who took the census of the citizens. He made the citizens pay their taxes and chose adequate (rich, most of the times) people for the Senate. After the censors came the praetors. Praetors were basically judges. They would judge problems that happened in every day life and decide if one was guilty or innocent. These 8 praetors got to be in charge of Rome when both consuls were busy with other affairs – war. When his term ended, he could become a pro-praetor and rule a province. Now, 10 elected plebians were chosen as tribunes every year. These tribunes had the power of ‘veto’ and ‘intercessio’. Mostly negative powers, we could say. He could stop any bill from being passed if he thought it was going against the plebians. Tribunes were sacrosaints. They were sacred and could not be ‘touched’. In the top of the whole Cursus Honorum stood 2 powerful men. They were the consuls. Consuls were chief magistrates who were elected every year. They were in charge of the army, could introduce bills and pass laws, and had the power of imperium (life and death). Then there was a total different group of old men that controlled public and foreign affairs. Most of the members were ex-magistrates. They controlled the legislation and signed treaties/truces with other countries. When a person became a part of the Senate, he was there forever, basically until he died. Now, when there was a major emergency problem, the senate would appoint a dictator. A dictator was in charge of the whole republic for 6 months. He had complete power over the army and the laws. Beside these magistrates, there were three distinct assemblies. The Assembly of Curiae consisted of old, wise men. The Assembly of Centuries composed of all Roman citizens. However, they were divided into groups according to wealth. They chose magistrates like censors, praetors, and consuls. This assembly could vote however, not everyone got the chance to vote because when 193 votes were reached, other votes did not count anymore. The first 193 usually consisted of patricians. The Assembly of the Tribes was divided into ‘tribes’ according to one’s birth. The members could only vote ‘yes’ or ‘no’ for laws. They also elected quaestors and aediles. A smaller part of this assembly was the Concilium Plebis. It consisted of plebians and they elected the tribunes.

The Roman government was much superior to others because of its firm organization. Other regions had kings and senates that were unfair to their own people. Rome obviously did have political issues however, everyone made sure no body was being violated, specially the plebians. Every Roman citizen – not counting the women or slaves – were treated as equals and the great thing was, anyone could be part of the government if they tried. Because of the justice people were in good terms with each other. Of course, there was always a fissure between the plebians and patricians but they knew they needed each other and for that reason, stability was maintained.

The Roman Military Organization was organized by the following: when in a battle if the men in the front of the legion would get tired the centurion who is the commander of the century would blow a whistle signaling the tired men to move back while the ones in the back move upfront to fight the battle. They would fight without making a sound, the legion would be divided into three parts, one would be the velites, they were light armed, and they would only carry a pila and sometimes a dagger. They would throw the pila which would disrupt any kind of formation in the enemy’s side. Then came the Hastati, they were 20 year old men, they would have a hand to hand fight. They were basically armed infantry men, then came in the Triarii, they were veterans, they were the most experienced of the bunch, they were heavily armed they would be in the third line. The Army would be divided into huge groups, the conteburnium which consisted of 8 man tent group, century which consisted of 10 men plus the 8 man tent group. Then comes in the maniples with 10 men which in total would be 800 men. The Roman legions consisted between 3500-5000 men. The Roman Army was very superior to its neighbors because it was a very well organized army because the solders would train a lot. Another reason why it was superior to its neighbors is because they would mostly win the majority of the battles but not all of them.

My answer is for the second question…..
The roman formation was superior to the ones of their neighbors because they study how can they get outnumbered in the positions that were not so important and on the wings they outnumbered the others by putting the Libyans and outnumbered the others in cavalry so that they can surround them and the others wont have no one to let them rest, the rotation of guys will stop and they will get tired, and then most probably killed.

http://library.thinkquest.org/26602/organization.htm

Roman formations in battle were vital to success. Unless all the links were there, the chain would fall apart. That is why the Roman Legions developed techniques and formations to stop all the confusion in battle.
The Triplex Acies is the usual battle formation in the Roman Army. This setup included three parts. The Acies Prima, was the strongest and forerunning line of defense. This first line consisted of four cohorts. The Acies Secunda online had three cohorts. Their purpose in battle was to fill in the holes of the first line whenever men formed gaps. This line often contained mediocre soldiers. The last was the Acies Tertia. This weak set of three cohorts was used to protect against flanking and in case the second line needed extra men to help fill in the first line.

This is taken from the site with the exact words from the site on the top. This is like extra info.

The Roman Military organization was very successful in many battles. The Triplex Acies is the usual battle form in the Roman Army. It is set up into three main parts; The Acies Prima, the Acies Secunda, and lastly the Acies Tertia. Now, the Acies Prima is made up of all the well experienced soldiers and they’re also first to engage in battle. The Acies Secunda were located behind the first in line, and there job was to take the place of the wounded from the first line. Finally the Acies Tertia were the reserve groups and would wait to be called into battle when needed. The Roman army also used many forms of signals in battle. The first one was called the Cornu. It was a very loud and deep horn which would signal the moving of different formations. The Tuba was another. It looked like a trumpet and gave precise battle commands. There was also a Bucina and it signaled preliminary formations, and told the soldiers when they had certain breaks. The Lituus was the last one and it signaled calvery. Also they carried 3 specific types of weaponry, the hasta, a light spear. The Pilum, which is a javelin or heavy spear. And the gladius and it’s a short Spanish sword. Now to conclude, because of the Roman Army’s strategies and very precise techniques the Roman Army has become superior to its neighboring empires.

Mr. S says: Cite your sources…

In the Roman government first comes the magistrate, in that group there were the consuls that were made of two people, they severed as military generals in campaigns, administered legislation and more.
Then comes the praetors they are a group of eight people, they were primarily judges, when they finish their term they could become a praetor that were people that govern a province. Next comes the censors that were made up of two people they did the census for tax and state contracts.
Then comes the aediles that were made up of four people, they supervised the places, games and more. Then comes the tribune that was made up of ten people, they were plebeian and defended the right of all the plebian people. Then comes the last of the magistrates that were the quaestors they were made up of twenty people, they administrated the money that went out and in the city.

Then comes the Senate, they could debate and recommend things for the law but couldn’t make the law. And at last comes the assembly that is the one that does the law.

The Roman government was more superior to their neighbors because they were so well organized that they succeed in many things. That make them won in battle was their organization.

the roman civilian government was so superior to its neighbors because its organization. the roman republic was the only one that had magistrates which consist of 2 consuls, 8 praetors, 2 censors, 4 aediles , 10 tribunes, and 20 quaestors. not like other countries which was ruled by 1 person. the roman republic’s government is under collegial rule, which means you work with a colleague, for example the consul has 2 people in that office so that they both agree on a subject. if there was an emergency a dictator was appointed for up to 6 months, this happened in the 2nd punic war when hannibal crossed the alps into Italy and quintus fabius was appointed as dictator. the spectacular thing about roman government was its precise organization, this is the reason why Rome’s government was superior to its neighbors.
Roman gov consisted of offices:

QUAESTORS(20): administered finances of states treasury
TRIBUNES(10): this office was meant to protect plebeians. so tribunes were always plebeians. they were by law sacrosanct. there power had negative power, they could only veto any law.
AEDILES(2 plebs and 2 pat.): supervised public places, in charge of entertainment, and in charge of the grain supply
CENSORS(2): elected every 5 years for terms of one and a half years. in charge of census of citizens and property.
PRAETOR(8): served as judges in court. when the consuls were out of rome the praetors would take there place. when there term of office is over they might be given a province to govern, proprietor.
CONSULS(2): chief magistrates, served as generals in military campaigns, represented rome in foreign affairs, and appointed as dictator in times of emergencies.

The Roman “Cursus Honorum” is an intricate governmental system that is vital to the survival of Rome as a Republic. Not only was this system vital to Rome’s survival, but it also was superior to the surrounding nations of this time. This government system is strictly based on the Roman constitution, which is based on numerous offices and assemblies.
In order to run for any office in the “Cursus Honorum” it was mandatory to serve in the military (12 or 20 years of service). I think this was a important benefit from this system in the sense that, men who have experienced war can then wage war. This was a much better way of running a nation instead of having a bunch of Patricians who have never seen battle at the wheel (although modern day this is how it is commonly done I don’t believe it would have been productive in a time period surrounded by internecine conflict).
Once military service was completed you were compatible to run for office, first off you would most likely be running for the office of Queastor. There are 20 Queastors in the Republic and they are responsible for administering the state funds, you would serve a one year term. Once you completed one term as Quaestor you were eligible to run for Senate.
One of the more unique offices was the Tribune, available only to Plebeians; this office was a group of 10 men (frequently administered to different provinces and legions during times of war) that were dedicated to the protection of Plebians. The Tribunes were given the power of intercession, veto, and were sacrosanct.
Another office was that of the Aedile which was a total of four officers; 2 Plebs. 2 Patricians. Aediles supervised public places and were also in charge of the Gladiatorial Games. Aediles also managed the grain supply. This was a job were collegial rule was absolutely necessary
Censors consisted of two men that were elected every five years for 1-½ years. Censors continuously revised list of senators and Equites, in other words their job was to evaluate wealth.
Another office is the Praetors, a body of 8 judges that can convene the senate/assembly. If the Consuls were not present the Praetors would be in charge. Upon completion of their term, depending on the quality of service, they would be given a province of Rome to govern they would then be call Pro-praetor.
The men at the top of the “Cursus Honorum” were the Consuls. These 2 men were the chief magistrates, kings, rulers; they commanded the military, handled foreign affairs. These men would be elected yearly.
However in a state of emergency the government system could be transform into a dictatorship, ruled by one dictator in charge of all, rights and/ or Constitution were suspended.

This Governmental system made the best possible combinations of all men within Rome useful to the state. This was a superior way to govern a nation and undoubtedly played a part in the imperial future of Rome. The were always prepared and on top of things through the “Cursus Honorum” and it proved a valuable and functional governmental system and played a major part in the struggles Rome had to face throughout history.

The Roman Government that was based on three major things the Senate, the rulings of the magistrates, and Assemblies. The Senate was a council originally made up of three hundred members, chosen among the leaders of the people, former judges and other members of the magistrate. The Senate controlled the public administration and made the laws. The Republican government was symbolized by the letters SPQR (senatus populusque Romanus), meaning “the Senate and the Roman people”

The Magistrates held office only one year, the Censors for eighteen months, and then were replaced through new elections. They where then divided into; The Consuls which consisted of two Roman generals who introduced bills that would become law and commanded the army in war, and the Praetors who consisted of eight Roman generals who served primarily as judges in law courts, but could convene the Senate and Assemblies. They could also assume administrative duties of Consuls when there were absent from Rome. Censors consisted of two Roman generals who revised lists of Senators and Equestrian, who where a members of one of the upper classes in ancient Rome who owned horses and land. The Censors conducted census of the citizens and property assessments for tax purposes. The Aediles, there where four of them and they where made up of two plebs and two patricians working in collegial rule, they where in charge of supervising public places, games, and most important the grain supply. This office was the first step to a political career the cursus honorum. The Quaestors administered the public money, they collected the tributes and paid the wages of the troops and state officers and where made up of twenty Romans. Once the Romans began conquering other places, they began a system of provincial governor’s, men who took charge of a province of the Empire, and who heard court cases there called Propraetors.

The Assemblies were composed of all males who were full Roman citizens, and had to attend in person in order to vote. There where three Assemblies; the Assembly of the Tribes, the Assembly of the Centuries, and the Assembly of the Curiae. The Assembly of the Tribes was a Plebeian assembly who elected the magistrates was only open to plebeians. In this assembly there was the Concilim Plebis, which was a subgroup also only open to plebeians. The Assembly of the Centuries had 193 units that where determined by wealth, this body elected Consuls, Praetors, and Censors. They could declare war and served as court appeal for citizens sentenced to death. The Assembly of the Curiae is the oldest assembly by the late republic that had mostly ceremonials and clan functions. The Dictator was a temporary magistrate, appointed by the Consul only during danger cases. He had absolute military and civil powers and held his office for six-months.

The Roman Government was superior to its neighbors because of its developed and organized Magistrates. The Roman government had well-developed written laws and currency. The Romans did not want one man to make all of the laws that’s why they decided to balance the power of the government between branches. The organization of the branches in the Roman Government was what made them superior to its neighbors.

The roman military was superior to its neighbors because its formation was very organized. It was not that they picked people out of nowhere and just give them spears and put them into battles. Instead for the Romans, they trained every solider that was going to represent them in war or in battle. Their formation was from the weakest or least experience to the strongest and most experience solider. Their formation was in lines of 3. In the first line were the Velites which were also known as the fast ones. What these people did was that they were the first people to meet the enemy. They ran and used the pilums to throw at their enemy. These people were also lightly armed. Once they threw the pilums they would come back running as the hastati covered their backs or protect them. And then the velites would get in back of the line to prepare until it was their turn to go once again. The Hastati were in the second line of the formation and these people were heavily armed. They would actually fight a one on one with the enemy. Then in the third line came the Trarii which these people were also heavily armed. Basically the trarii were a type of back up or reserve used if the hastati need reinforcement. The cavalry were also included and were located in front of the velistes at their sides. This formation also honored those troops that were the ruff, tough, oldest, and most experience by being the right of this formation and were given the name first century. The Triplex Acies was also the usually formation used in battles, which consisted in three parts: The Acies Prima, the Acies Secunda, and the Acies Tertia. The Acies Prima was basically a line of defense. The Acies Secunda had three cohorts and they filled in the gaps that the men in first line left opened. The Acies Tertia had three weak cohorts that were used to protect against flanking and they were a second back up incase the second line need extra men to help fill in the gaps left by the first line. What kept this formation on-going was that whistles or signals were used during time of battle. The whistling device is the Cornu which gave a deep loud sound that was blown for basic formation and was the signal. The second signal was the Bucina which told the soldiers when it was time to eat lunch and also meant to get into preliminary formations. And the last signal that was used was the Lituus which was meant for the cavalry. As you can tell the Romans thought out their formations carefully and were very organized by doing so. They didn’t believe that just getting into random line if there was any and go up against their enemy would of helped beat any of their battles. When in battle, as their enemies were coming up against them screaming, yelling, and being wild you could see the Romans calmed and fight their battles in silences. That right there was what made them superior to all others- their silences.

Mr. S says: Cite your sources here..Cornu? Aces Tertia? Lituus?…cite your sources to receive credit..otherwise its plagarism..

The Roman government, also called the Cursus Honorum (meaning ‘Public Life’), was very well organized. In order to become a member of the Roman government, it was necessary to serve 12 or 20 years in the army. Once a member of the government, the title of magistrate was given to you. Within the government, Roman citizens could serve in many different offices. After serving in the army, you could become a Quaestor. Quaestors administrated the finances of the state treasury. Once elected, a man could automatically become eligible to become a Senator, or they could continue on to become a Tribune. Tribunes had to be a member of the Plebeian class because their responsibility was to protect the Plebeians. Tribunes had the power of intercessio, and the power to veto any unwanted laws. They were sacrosanct, which means that if someone touched one, he would be summarily executed. Next were the Aediles. Aediles were in charge of three very important things: 1. supervision of public places; 2. the games; and 3. the grain supply. In order for the Aediles to have collegial rule, there were two Plebeians and two Patricians. Those with imperium are called Curule Aediles. Curule Aediles had the right to command an army, could interpret or carry out the law, and could sentence people to death. Above the Aediles came the Censors, who were elected every five years. Censors evaluated people’s wealth and were in charge of taking a census. A census was when a Censor went from door to door counting how many people made up Rome’s population. After the Censors came the judges called Praetors. They had the power to convene the senate and the assemblies. The Senior Praetor could take charge if the Consuls were absent. A Praetor could govern a province as a Propraetor after their term of office was completed. Last, but definitely not least, were the Consuls. Two Consuls were elected every year. They were the top of the government. In an emergency, a consul could become a dictator! But most of the time, he would represent Rome in foreign affairs and serve as a general in a military campaign.
With all the different offices and jobs, Rome’s government was very well put together. It’s organization made it superior to its neighbors.

The Roman Army consisted of young fast teenagers that where the first to face the enemy, the velites, more experienced but still young soldiers between mid-20s and mid-30s, the hastati, older more experienced soldiers from a higher social class, the principes, the veterans much older, from mid-30s to mid-40s, the trairii, younger inexperienced men, roarii, and the least dependable fighters, accensi, both in the later republic become velites (2nd century BC). They also included centuries of extraordinarii, soldiers that carried ballistae.
Undoubtedly the Roman legionaries were the best troops of their days, this was due largely to they high organizational regime of the consuls and the centurions, also because the use of corporal punishment was very widely used in those days the soldiers where kept in line after seen a couple of their friends die because they felt asleep during guard duty, this caused an impression in the young soldiers so they where very obedient to their centurions.
The Roman legions are superior to Rome’s neighbors because of its highly organized manners, the soldiers where highly trained with their pylum and gladius, and they could keep supplying a fresh guy every time the first line of soldiers got tried, and these soldiers where more scared of their centurions than the enemies in front of them this made them deadly.

Works Cited

Roman-Empire. “The Roman Army” Roman-Empire.2007.4 Mar 2008.

The Roman military was so superior because of a couple of reasons. They were very organized and disciplined to the point in which it was more worrisome the consequences of disobeying an order than being killed by the enemy. Here’s what their formation looked liked. First, the soldier’s were enlisted for a minimum of 12 years and they were taught to obey orders no matter what. In actual battle they would break up in to maniples and form neat rows of soldiers with gaps between each group of men. The first to attack the enemy were young recruits called velites who threw Pily at the enemy to weaken them and cause confusion. Then they would run through the gaps towards the end of the ranks. Up next were heavily armed soldiers called Hastati, they had large shields and jabbing swords called a Gladius. They fought hand to hand combat with the enemy until a horn or whistle was blown to signal that the Hastati fighting at the time should switch with the guy behind him so he could rest. Behind that group of soldiers was another group called Triari, they were veteran soldiers and were stationed near the back so they could rest more. The swapping of soldiers during combat was a great technique because it kept fresh soldiers coming into battle and the tired ones were given some rest time while the enemy was overcome by these new energetic fighters. Roman military also used catapults, “belly shooters” and other amazing weaponry for this time. The whole army would lie down and hundreds of speeding arrows would kill many enemy soldiers. Also, the sheer numbers in the Roman military were another reason why the Romans were so hard to beat, because even if you killed 70,000 of them in Cannae as Hannibal did, they could still have a full sized army ready before the next battle. The Romans became a huge power in the Mediterranean and a historical military because of their number of well trained soldiers, intense discipline, and incredible organization even in the midst of battle chaos.

Romans military tactics were superior to its neighbors for many reasons. One of the reasons was due to its tactical organization in which the men would rotate turns to take the front line and tire out the opponents. Velites (the fast ones) were also essential to the roman army since there main job was to disarm the enemy shield and return. Velites had almost no heavy armor, so while they would flee back the men would hold there shield up front covering the men returning this tactic is called a tortoise. Another Roman tactic was the wedge, the men would form in a triangle(tip being one men). This allowed for small groups to be well thrust into the enemy and when these formations expanded, the enemy troops were shoved into restricted positions, making hand to hand fighting difficult. Roman were also successful because of the Extrodinarii. These men were responsible for shooting metal pegs powered from twisted horse hair that produced amazing amounts of torq. The traveling metal pegs would go through three men at a time. The Roman cavalry was mainly to keep away enemy scouts from spying. The Roman army was also were very well disciplined accomplishing quick movements at the command of a whistle.

The Roman Military organization was so good thanks to the methods they applied. The Romans made their men fear to do the bad thing, fear to sleep in post, and even fear to not respond correctly in battle. If any person was found asleep doing their watch out on the next morning when they had to hand their rock, that got when the Optio was passing to see who did their work, they did not have it they were whipped and then hanged or crucified. If any soldier disobeyed orders in battle they were also whipped and hanged when they got back to their camp. The roman army was so organized that they were able to move in battle with the command of a simple whistle. The Roman organization was way superior when it came to the army, it was way superior to their neighbors, and they would have no chance. Roman army was so superior thanks to its organization, they were able to move so that the line of people that were fighting in front would go to the back so that they would rest while fresh ones came to the front and fight against the already tired troops. The army was able to do that so fast and so efficient that the enemy thought they were falling back and the fresh fighter would come in and destroy all of them.

The roman military organization was superior to others in many ways. The Romans won their victories mainly because of their discipline and determination. Roman soldiers were already experts in fighting and knew every tactic to defeat their opponents. They also had skilled commanders that developed fighting techniques that helped them win most of their battles. Romans had the idea that if they kept their troops in order it would be much easier to fight. Their battle formation was firm and it was very hard for their enemies to break through. Each legion in the army had 5,500 men and was divided into ten units called cohorts. The common battle formation was the triplex acies it consists of three parts the Acies Prima which was the strongest line and had four cohorts, the Acies Secunda where there were soldiers who weren’t important and were used to fill the spaces of the soldiers on the first line and had three cohorts. And finally the Acies Tertia, men in this line were used to replace the soldiers in the second line and had three cohorts. To keep the soldiers from being confused and to tell them what to do there were signals that they did with devices like the cornu, the tuba, the bucina and the lituus. Another reason why the roman military organization was superior to others was because they had different formations for each type of battle, for example if they were outnumbered or had inferior troops they formed differently so they could have more chances of winning the battle. These are some of the reasons why the military organization in Rome was so unique and better than any other.

The roman Civilian Government Organization is so superior to its neighbors because of the balance and participation of the jobs/duties. Each person has a duty in the Civilian Government and their whole life is about their job/duty. Also their power is weighed equally, kind of.

Rome was a well organized, deciplined and well trained killing machine. They knew exactly what to do and when to do it. They had surpassed every army in its time, and proved to the world it wasn’t a force to be messed with.
First off, every Roman Soldier was very well disciplined, but this was mostly out of fear. If a Roman soldier was caught running way, their commanders would make them an example and leave them to die, after making the whole legion see their fellow solider be brutally tortured. This discouraged the Roman soldiers to disobey their commanders and to act cowardly; they rather face their opposing force than their vicious commanders.
Every Roman soldier was equipped with a scutum (a 4ft tall wooden shield), two pila, a gladius, and armor. Rome’s formation, or its Triplex Acies, consisted of three lines. The first line was made up of the young, fast, and lightly armored velites. At the sound of a horn they threw two pila at their enemy; the first one to break the enemies shield and the second one was meant to kill. After they had completed their tasks they went to the back of the line by running through gaps between the soldiers. The second line was the heavenly armored and brutal Hastati. They were known as the “stabbers”; for they attacked the enemy with their gladius and fought in hand to hand combat. After a horn was blown the tired Hastati would switch with the third line. Their enemy would have to face the well rested, veterans called the Trarii. They also fought man to man with a gladius, but with an edge. They had fought in wars almost all their lives and knew what worked and didn’t work on the field. They had plenty of experience and had no mercy against their enemy.
One of the many things that made the Roman army so perfect was its strategy to switch its tired men that are fighting against an enemy, with a fresh soldier that will make the final deadly blow. The soldiers were taught to fight in total silence so that everyone would be able to hear the whistle being blown; this was also a way to throw off their enemy by confusing them with their silence. Whenever a commander saw that the men up front were growing tired he switched the lines; at a sound of horn the line that was behind the fighting soldiers would step up and continue to fight. This required extensive training to master and a very organized and effective way to fight.
Another thing that made Rome’s army superior to the rest was the vast numbers of soldiers it had in its possession. It never matter how many men they had lost in a previous battle, they always brought more and more legions in. They also had many allies that would loyally fight aside them; this made their numbers nearly limitless.

Rome’s military organization is very disciplinary with its youngsters so that they can be better in the future. Also it is superior to its neighbors because I think they’re more organized and more disciplined in their way of organization in the war field.

Mr. S says: Here’s something the Romans would never say…but I will..Gustavo..DO OVER!! 25% of your grade is worth more than one sentence..re-post for a grade..lucky you, this one doesn’t count

The roman civilian government organization was a very sophisticated and was a organized structure of law, based on the ruling magistrates, the Senate, and the Assembly. This form of government was also known as Cursus Honorum, which meant “public or political life”. This government consisted of many offices like the army, quaestor, tribunes, censor, aedile, praetor, the consul, Senate and a dictator. The Romans had a dictator that they only used for emergencies, but when they did have him he was a powerful man. The dictator ruled by himself for that period of emergency, and he was elected by the consuls. Next in line would be the consuls, which were the chief magistrates, who had many jobs to do. Some of them were to represent Rome in foreign affairs, administer and initiate legislation, and serve as generals in military campaigns. The consul resided and convened over the assemblies and the Senate. The consul consisted of 2 Romans. The praetor’s job was to be a judge in law courts and administer justice. In this government there were eight. He could also convene the Senate and assemblies. When the consuls were absent the praetors assumed the consuls’ administrative duties. The Senate is the main body of the Roman government. This Senate was composed of 600 magistrates and ex magistrates. The men in the Senate were to serve for life unless expelled by the censors (Romans who would continually revise and update the list of senators and equits). To be elected as Senate you had to the have the minimum qualification of a quaestor. The Senate signs treaties with foreign countries, controls the public administration, makes laws, and appoints the Province’s governors. When a praetor’s term of office is completed he can govern a province as propraetor. Another office in the Cursus Honorum is an aedile. The aedile was made up of two plebians and two patricians. The aedile was in charge of the grain supply in the city of Rome, public games, and public places. A tribune was an office only for plebians because this office was established to protect them and their rights. The tribune had the power of veto and intercesio. A quaestor consisted of 20 roman men, who administered public finances and collected the tributes and paid the wages of the state officer and troops. Being a quaestor you were automatically eligible for being in the Senate. Being in the army was pretty much the lowest thing you could be. It was the place where you had to start off to be anything else. The enlistments for being in the army were 12 or 20 years. As you can see the way the Roman government was shaped out that it was completely better and on a higher level than its neighboring cities. This government was so superior to its neighbors because of the perfect organization and discipline.

DESCRIBE ROMAN CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION; WHY WAS IT SO SUPERIOR TO ITS NEIGHBORS?

The Romans were much more intelligent than their neighbors. They mastered the art of organized government and devotedly practiced it. This would make the Romans one of the greatest civilizations in the world. Countries would model their governments after the Romans over 1500 years later. What made the Roman government so unique? What made it such a success?

The Romans, unlike many other prominent and advanced civilizations, understood that their whole empire couldn’t just be made up of one city state. That would be a recipe for disaster. Attack the one city state and watch it burn to the ground never to rise again. Instead, the Romans used a series of treaties and alliances to make up their empire. This way, Rome always had someone behind her, somewhere to run to if she were ever in trouble. Basically, Rome was the over seer of the Mediterranean. The individual city states still had their own leaders but this time the leaders had someone to report to. Thus said, it’s much harder to make a fatal mistake in governing your people if you have so many more people monitoring what you’re doing. It was a success all the way around. Rome had countries begging to be part of its illustrious empire.

Organization is key. That’s a phrase we heard a lot when we were younger, some of us may still hear it today. The Government of Rome was so organized that everyone knew what their job was and where they fit into society. There were never any questions about it. No squabbling over who did this and who did that. Everything was strictly assigned and carried out by those assigned to it. There for, there was rarely anything left undone and this caused peace and diligence within the empire.

Really the Romans just used their knack for organizational skills to take over the Mediterranean. Truly, there was no secret behind it. Keep everything organized and never have just one man in charge, which was the essence of Roman governmental philosophy. Maybe if I was more organized I, too could take over the whole of the Mediterranean.

The Roman Government starts with the Magistrates which is composed of 2 consuls, 8 praetors, 2 censors, 4 aediles, 10 tribunes, and 20 quaestors. Then came the senate which was composed of 600 magistrates, they were there till they were expelled. Last was the assembly witch was only roman male citizens. There is assembly of curiae, assembly of centuries, and assembly of the tribes. The assembly of the curiae was the oldest assembly. The assembly of centuries had elected consuls, praetors, censors, and it delcared war. The assembly of the tribes elected the magistrates, and voted on the laws. The roman government was superior to its neighbors because of its organization.

DESCRIBE ROMAN CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION; WHY WAS IT SO SUPERIOR TO ITS NEIGHBORS?

The roman government “ROMAN CURSUS HONORUM” which means honorable course. It was very well organized but there was always a struggle between two social classes, which were the Patricians and the Plebeians. Roman government had a magistrates that was made up of 2 consuls, 8 praetors, 2 censors, 4 aediles, 10 tribunes and 20 quaestors and the senate that was made up of 600 magistrates. Each one had their own roles to take care of. For example aediles supervised public places and etc.. It was superior to its neighbors because roman first of all was very organized and they developed a very well government. This government was an ALL male government (no women were allowed) because during the entire period of roman history women were prohibited from holding political office.

Rome has influenced our lives greatly with its culture, and one of the things Rome is best at is organization. Roman government is organized in a very large group of categories starting from the bottom at quaestors, going all the way to the very top at consuls. The higher you go in the ladder of magistrates, the more important your position is. The quaestors are a large group of twenty people that administer the treasures of Rome. Above from the quaestors, there are the tribunes. The tribunes are made up of plebeians that defended other plebeians. They had the job of protecting the plebeians from the magistrates, and have the power to veto any unfair laws that involve them. In my opinion, this is a very important office. Without the tribunes, plebeians may be abused by patricians with more power than them, and Rome would be unjust. There are ten men in the tribune. Next, there are four aediles, two for plebeians, and two for patricians, which had more power (curule aediles.) After the aediles, come the 2 censors that have the job of collecting taxes, and revising the lists of senators. Censors were elected every 5 years, and they were elected for a year and half terms. Above the censors come the praetors, a very high rank of people that served as judges in courts. The praetors were so important that in the absence of the consuls, (highest rank) they got to fill in fir them. In total, there were eight praetors in Rome. At the very top rank of the Roman magistrates were the consuls. The consuls were only two people that were also military officers. These people were the ones that represented Rome while dealing with foreign affairs. Consuls were also in charge of appointing dictators during emergencies.
People had limited terms while in office. The usual term was for about a year, so they could run for a higher office in 2 or 3 years, or run for the same office in 10 years. I guess that using this organized system one person did not get too powerful, sort of like some governments today.
The government also included the senate, which was composed of a large group of 600 magistrates. The senate met whenever they had the need to, to control public finances, foreign affairs, and military commands. Senators debated within themselves to then pass a document to the assemblies for the final passing of the pledge, or the declaration of war.
Assemblies were only composed of men that were full Roman citizens. There are three types of assemblies; Assembly of Curiae, Assembly of Centuriate, and Assembly of Tribes. The assembly of Curiae is the oldest one composed of clans and families. The assembly of Centuriate is a big assembly made up of 193 groups that depend on wealth, (the wealthier you are, the more say you have on votes.) This assembly also elects consuls, censors, and praetors. The last assembly, the assembly of Tribes is the one that elects all magistrates. This assembly also votes on laws.
The Roman government is extremely organized, and it is carefully planned so that no one has too much power. The terms are not excessively long, and the highest rank of magistrates is shared by two people. This for of government in Rome is superior to its neighbors because of the well thought out categories, and fair groups of people with the power to make laws, veto them, and vote on them. The organization level is much bigger than many of its neighbors, and since I can see a lot of these ways of government in the world today, I think it was the best way of government that stuck around for the most time, so that it still remains with us today.

DESCRIBE ROMAN CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION; WHY WAS IT SO SUPERIOR TO ITS NEIGHBORS?
Romans civilian government organization was very superior to all their neighbors because the roman governments was very streaked and organize. For example, if they said something that has to be done or some law that cannot be broken: if someone did they tortured him or kill him. So Romans were very straights of the laws. Also they got a superior economy between them, and their neighbors because the roman government charged taxes. They also got everything in a kind of a plan and that’s why they were superior to all their neighbors. Romans were very similar to the United States now days. I think that because they kept everything organized and if they got a problem with something they tired to solve it or fix it either with wars or contracts.

The Roman civilian government consisted of various offices, but it started with 3 assemblies. The three assemblies were the assembly of the curiae, centuriates and tribes. The assembly of the curiae is the oldest of the three and performed a lot of ceremonial and clan gatherings. The second assembly is the assembly of the centuriates with 193 members. This assembly elects consuls, praetors and censors. They also have the power to declare war and are the last court officials. The last assembly is the assembly of the tribes. The assembly of the tribes elects magistrates and vote on laws. At first membership of this assembly was based on geographical location, but was later passed on by birth. In this assembly there is a subgroup called the concilium plebis, or council of the plebians. In this council plebians voted for their own magistrates.
After the assemblies came the quaestors. In Roman government, there were 20 quaestors who administered finances. Once you had been a quaestor you were eligible for the Roman Senate. Next, came the tribunes. Unlike the quaestors, there were 10 tribunes. A tribune basically protected the plebians. They had the right of intercessio (allowed to intercede) and the right to veto anything. They were also allowed to write laws and by law were sacrosanct. Sacrosanct meant that no one was allowed to attack, assault or harm them in any way.
In the Roman government some offices were curule. A curule office had imperium, which meant they were allowed to command an army, carry out and interpret law, and had the power of life and death. Curule officers wore a toga with a purple stripe on it. In the Early Republic, plebians were not allowed to be curule officers.
Another group of officers in the Roman government were the aediles. Aediles supervised public games, public places and grain supply. Two aediles were patrician and the other two were plebians. Sometimes an aedile could be a curule officer. Then you had the censors. There were two censors and each lasted one and a half years. A censor was elected every five years. The censors assessed land and carried out census of citizens. They also granted state contracts.
Then you had the praetors. The Roman government had eight praetors. Praetors were nothing more than judges. But were also replacements for consul. When a praetors term ended he became a pro-praetor. A pro-praetor was a governor of a province. The head officers with executive power and were chief magistrates were the two consuls. The consuls only lasted for one year, but before they could even be elected consuls they had to have been military officers. The two consuls had to have collegiate rule. Collegiate rule mean that they both approved on all decisions and consulted each other on everything. The last officer was the dictator but unless Rome was in a time of crisis or emergency, he was not in power. A dictator was only appointed by the consuls during a period of crisis or emergency and only lastedsix months.
Roman civilian government was superior to its neighbors because it had various organized offices to control Rome. Roman government also involved the people of Rome. Another reason that Roman government was superior was because it benefited the whole population (both plebians and patricians) because the government consisted of both social classes.

Sources Used:

http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/romangvt.html

The reason to why Rome’s Government is superior to all the other governments is because of how organized it is. Rome has a person appointed for each job. They are forced to do it well because they know that if they don’t do it well and keep the people happy, they’re campaign will be over. If they keep the people happy, they have a chance of getting elected when their time is over to another campaign.

The roman government consisted of:
20 quaestors which were the administrators of finances and treasury. This was the first office you could apply for. (Had to serve in the army for at least twelve years).
10 tribunes which were only allowed to be Plebeians. This was very necessary because if the Tribunes didn’t exist, the Plebeians wouldn’t have a place in Rome. (The tribune had the power to veto the order of another office.)
4 aediles which are the ones uncharged of keeping the people happy and entertained. They were responsible for putting together game, shows, activities etc. Since about 70% of the roman population is made up of slaves, there isn’t much to do. So the aediles make sure that the people aren’t bored. The aediles are also uncharged of the grain supply in Rome which is a very big duty due to that grain is one of the few foods in a roman diet. (2 of the aediles were Patricians and 2 were Plebeians).
2 censors which were uncharged of collecting all of the taxes.
Then there are the praetors which are the judges at court.
And the highest rank in the roman government are the consuls which represented Rome when involved in an activity with a foreigner. They also were military officers and could appoint a dictator in the case of an emergency.
There are also senates which discuss with themselves about what’s good for the country and make major decisions like going to war.

As we can see Rome was very organized. They were much more organized than any other neighbor at the time. That is what made the roman government superior, their organization and their discipline.

DESCRIBE ROMAN CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION; WHY WAS IT SO SUPERIOR TO ITS NEIGHBORS?

The roman civilian government organization is superior to its neighbors because it was established. There are magistrates; this group is composed of two consuls, eight praetors, two censors, four Aediles, ten tribunes and twenty Queastors. Then the senate was composed of 600 magistrates. Consuls: there were two consuls, these were the chief magistrates and when they were needed for emergencies they put then as dictators. Praetor: there were eight there job is to be the judges in the court. Also the praetors when consuls go out they stay as consuls too. Censors: there were 2 censors they are in charge of the properties of each citizen. They were elected every 5 years for a short term. Aediles: there were 2 plebeians and 2 patricians. There were in charge of the grain supply in the city of Rome, public games, and public places. Tribunes: there were 10 tribunes there job is to protect plebeians. Tribunes had to be always plebeians. Also they had the power to veto any law they want. Queators: there were 20 there job is to administer the money and the state finances.

The Roman’s success was all due to its organization. In the military they had an organized formation of soldiers, which they called a legion. In the legion they had different formations and developed several techniques. In the legion they had sub categories called centuries, and in each century there was a centurie who was in charge of that specific unit. Within the unit there were three ranks. First came a strand of young soldiers called Velites, primarily teenagers, who were lightly armed and good runners. Their job was to throw their pilum at the enemy enabling their use of their shields. After their job was done the centurie would blow a whistle, which would order them to retreat within the small gaps between each century. All the fighting should be silent so the soldiers could listen to the commands of their officials. After the Velites came about three strands of the Hastati, they were heavily armed men with an average age in their mid 20’s and their job was to stab. After the Hatati came another three rows of men called the Triary who were similar to the Hastati but between the ages of mid 30’s to their 40’s. When one row of soldiers got worn out the centurie would blow the whistle again commanding for that row to go to the back of the line and bring in a fresh row of soldiers and so on. This was known as their basic fomation, Triple Acies. Walking out on your men was not even an option. The soldiers where more afraid of the consequences of running away than facing their opponent. There was a sever consequence to this act of betrayal, to be whipped with a leather strap that had metal on it that penetrated your skin deeply. After that they hung you on a cross in the middle of the camp and left you there as an example to the rest. What differentiated Roman military from the rest was their invegerous strategies and formations but mainly their level of organization

The Roman government was one which was superior to any other government during its time. Roman citizens were educated from childhood to follow the Cursus Honorum. Citizens were taught to honor and obey the Roman constitution which was based on the Senate and the order of the Magistrates.

The Senate was composed of 600 magistrates and ex-magistrates, which meant that they had to at least have held the title as a quaestor. Senators served for life unless expelled by the censors. Senators would meet in the Roman Forum in a building called the Curia. Senators would be elected by the leaders of Rome. Although the Senate was technically an advisory body, the Senate really was the chief governmental body because it controlled public finances and foreign affairs, assigned military commands and provinces, and debated and passed decrees that would be submitted to the assemblies for final ratification. The Republican government was known as the SPQR (Senatus Populus Que Romanum) which translates to, “the Senate and the Roman people.”

The different magistrates were divided as follows:
Quaestors: They administered the finances of the treasury and collected tributes and paid troops and state officers. There would be 20 Quaestors and they could be patrician or plebeian.
Tribunes: This office was designed to protect the plebeians from unfair decisions of other magistrates. This explains why all Tribunes were plebeian. They had a negative power, which meant they had the power to veto and stop any official act of administration. They were sacrosanct, which meant that anyone who physically attacked them could be immediately killed without a court hearing. There were 10 tribunes.
Aediles: Aediles controlled the grain supply into the city of Rome. They also supervised the organization of public shows/games/feasts/parties, buildings, and road maintenance. There were four Aediles. 2 of them had to be plebeians and the other two could be either patrician or plebeian; however the latter two were called curule aediles and had the power of imperium which meant they had the right to command an army, interpret and carry out the law, and pass death sentences.
Censors: These guys took the censuses of the citizens (hence their name), both to register them in the electoral rolls and to make them pay their taxes. They supervised the citizens’ morality, wrote the list of candidate for the Senate, from which they could also expel those who were unworthy to hold the position. There were 2 censors.
Praetors: They served primarily as judges in law courts, but they could also rally the Senate and Assemblies. They took the place of the consuls when they were absent. Once their term of office was complete, they could become propraetors (in which they become praetors of a province). There were 8 Praetors and they were curule.
Consuls: They are the chief magistrates who preside over the Senate and Assemblies. They initiated and administered legislation, served as generals in military campaigns, and represented Rome in foreign affairs. They could appoint and/or serve a dictator for up to 6 months in times of emergencies, when the constitution was suspended. There were 2 consuls, and they would rule a month each, and in the army commanded a day each. Once their term of office was complete, they often would govern a province as a proconsul.

Aside from the Senate and Magistrates, there were three Popular Assemblies, which could pass or reject bills, but they could not discuss them or introduce new ones. They simply voted yes or no.

The different Assemblies were divided as follows:
The Assembly of the Curiae (comitia curiata): The oldest form of assembly, this Assembly confirmed the appointments of the magistrates elected in the other committees.
The Assembly of the Centuries (comitia centuriata): This Assembly elected consuls, praetors, censors; declared war; served as court of appeal for citizens sentenced to death. The 193 centuries were determined by wealth, and the richest centuries were also the smallest, so individual votes in these counted more heavily (when a majority of the 193 votes was reached, voting was stopped, so some of the biggest centuries rarely got to cast votes).
The Assembly of the Tribes (comitia tribuata): This Assembly elected all other magistrates; voted yes or no on laws. Citizens met according to their tribe (which was according to where they lived). A subgroup of this assembly, the Concilium Plebis, was open only to plebeians. This plebeian assembly elected the magistrates open only to plebeians (tribunes and plebeian aediles).

The Roman Government was much superior to the governments of its neighbors. This is due to the sophistication of the parts that make Roman Government tick. It had magistrates, assemblies, and the Senate, which all worked together to create a government unparallel to any other of its time.

Works Cited:

http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/romangvt.html

http://balboahsroom208.edublogs.org/

The Roman military was one of the most important legacies the Romans left us. The Roman army was so successful because of its organization. It was organized in this way: first came the velites, which were the young, new soldiers. They were lightly armed, with pila and maybe a gladius. They would be very fast, because they had to run as fast as they could once they threw the pila to the enemy. After the velites came the hastati, which were older men in between their 20s and 30s. They were the ones that did the fight. They would be heavily armed, with a gladius to fight the enemy. Then came the triari, which were the veterans in between their 30s and 40s. They were heavily armed and carried a gladius too. All these men were infantry, but behind them there were the extraordinari. The extraordinari were the ones that had the catapults and the ballista. The formation would also have cavalry at its sides to protect the ranks.

The Roman military formation was so successful in comparison to its neighbors because every time the centurion blew the whistle, the soldiers on front would go to the back and the ones coming next would be fresh to fight while the enemy was tired. Bringing new, fresh soldiers to battle now and then made it easier for the Romans to win because they had more strength to fight and the enemy would be tired and sometimes ready to die. The Roman military formation was by far the best of their times and it is in some ways still used today because of its effectiveness.

The Roman Goverment was superior to goverment during this time.

Quaestors:They administered the finances of the treasury and collected tributes and paid troops and state officers. There would be 20 Quaestors and they could be patrician or plebeian.

Tribunes:This one was made to protect the plebeian from the unfair decisions from magistrates,that is why in the Tribune all of them are plebeians to stop or veto the unfair decisions against plebeians.There were 10 tribunes.

Aediles:They were in charge of the grain supply,gladiator games,markets,ect..there were 4 aedile.Two of them were plebeian and the others patricians.They have the power of imperium that meant they could command an army and they could pass death sentences.

Consuls:They are the chief magistrates.They initiated and administered legislation, served as generals in military campaigns, and represented Rome in foreign affairs.They could appoint someone to be dictator for 6 months in case of emergency

Praetors: They served primarily as judges in law courts.When the Consuls where absent they could take place of the consuls.There was 8 praetors.

Censors: These guys took the censuses of the citizens, both to register them in the electoral rolls and to make them pay their taxes.They could also expel those who were unworthy to hold the position. There were 2 censors.

The Roman Goverment was much superior to the governments of its neighbors.This is due to the organization, and they made a good team to make rome a different country and more strong.

DESCRIBE ROMAN MILITARY ORGANIZATION: WHY WAS IT SO SUPERIOR TO ITS NEIGHBORS?

Roman military organization was the most powerful, feared, and respected of its neighbors. The formation was organized in 4 different rows. The first row is the Velites: Slim, fast teenagers with really light armor for faster running. They all had two pila. First, they used one of the pila to hold on for more throwing power. Then, they would throw the other one and run as fast as they can to the back of rows. The second row is the Hestati: mid 20’s-mid 30’s soldiers who were heavily armed with a gladius, a scutum, and the armor. The third row is the Triari: mid 30’s-mid 40’s soldiers, the veterans, they were also completely armored; they had no mercy on nobody. And the final row is the Extraordinarii: the final row. When a specific whistle blew all three rows threw themselves on the floor and the extraordinarii would use their bolt shooters and their heavy-artillery weapons, then the rows would get back up to fight.

The roman government was so organized because of the way their magistrates were put together and the jobs these offices did. The Roman government had two in charge of the country they were the consuls. They could make laws and also they were in charge of the army. The Romans also could have a dictator in time of crisis he would be in charge of the army and he also had civil powers for six months the consuls would chose who would be the dictator.
The roman had some men could the sensors they were the ones that took the census of the citizens and to make them pay the taxes. There government would have praetors that administrated justice. The quaestors were the men’s that administered the public money and paid wages of troops and state officers. In this government the plebs would have some people in the government that would protect them .These were the tribunes of the plebs they could not be harmed and had the right of veto and could introduce laws.
And the Aediles were the ones that administrate the food and markets of the city they also were in charge of organizing the public shows and the buildings and road maintenance. The Roman government was superior to there neighbors because of its organization and discipline.

Roman government was superior to its neighbours mostly because of how organized it was. It had different groups of people with specific and important jobs to do, from dictators to the army to the tribune; Rome’s government depended on everyone to keep Rome going smoothly, without problems, and for it to be admired by their neighbours. I also think that this was a very good government because it was fair and it pleased both lower and upper classes (plebeians and patricians).

Every single roman citizen began serving his country by joining the army for twelve to twenty years. There they were trained and prepared for what was the best and most organized army. They were an admirable and impressive army; they marched in silence, moved at sound of horns, followed directions, and won wars.
After serving his years in the army a roman citizen could then become a Quaestor. There were only twenty of these men and once you were elected Quaestor you were automatically eligible for the Roman senate. Quaestors were in charge of all the money that went in and out of Rome and of all payments. Next, there was the tribune that consisted of ten plebeians and was there to protect the plebs. The tribune had the power of veto and Intercesio. The power of veto granted them the right to say no to any laws that they considered unjust or unnecessary. Intersessio was the power to intercede between anything that they thought unfair or that was against the plebeians. Aediles, made up of two plebeians and two patricians came next. They were in charge of gladiatorial games and public places. They were also responsible for the grain supply and feeding the unemployed and poor. This was a very important job because there was so many servants and unemployed people that if they starved and rebelled themselves against the government this could destroy Rome. Aediles had the power of impirium. With the power of impirium they could decide who lived and who died, they could wear purple, and they could carry out armies. Above the Aediles there were the censors. There was only two censors and they were elected every five years. Censors collected tax and put you in different classes depending on how wealthy you were. Next there were 8 praetors. Praetors were high ranked judges who also took consuls job when they were away. Once you finished your term as praetor you became a pro-praetor and you can rule a province. Consuls are the chief magistrates. Two of them are elected for a period of one year and they follow the collegial rule, they must both decide together. They serve as generals in military campaigns and represent Rome in foreign affairs. In times of emergencies and trouble a dictator was appointed by the consuls, but only for six months.

There was also three assemblies. The first one was the curiae. This was the oldest of the three assemblies and they performed ceremonial and clan gathering.
The next assembly was the assembly of the centuriate. Only one hundred and ninety-three wealthy people were able to be part of this assembly. The richer you were the bigger chance you had of voting and your vote and opinion counted more. They elected censors, consuls and praetors and had the power to declare war and are the last court officials

I believe that the Roman military was so successful was because of their organization. Its one of the greatest things they have left us. It was greatly organized in order. Since to make them believe that they were poorly armed with soldiers, they would put at front their youngest soldiers. In the middle, the one’s that where 20. At last, the oldest, who did a great job defending the extraordinary. At sides you could find cavalry. It was so successful because they had more time in practice than their neighbors and most of them; their job was to fight.

The Roman government was superior to any other government because the Roman citizens were educated from childhood to follow the Cursus Honorum. They were trained to obey and must honored the Roman constitution.

The Roman Constitution was based on the Senate and the order of the Magistrates.

The Senate was integrated by 600 magistrates and ex-magistrates. Senators used to serve for the rest of their lives unless they were expelled by the censors.

The Magistrates were composed by 2 consuls, 4 Aediles, 8 praetors, 10 tribunes, 20 Queastors and 2 Censors.

Consuls: Were the chief magistrates and when needed for emergencies,as dictators.

Aediles: 2 patricians and 2 plebeians. They were in charge of the grain supply in the city of Rome, public games, and public places.

Praetors: They were the judges in the court and sometimes consuls to replace them when they were not available.

Censors: In charge of the properties of each citizen.

Tribunes: Their responsability was to protect the plebeians. They could veto the laws they wanted.

Queators: They work to administer the money and the state finances.

I am agree with this type of government, because it was very organized and democratic, and is almost the same style that is proven to work good for the whole world.